一. 什么是倒裝句?
我們都知道在英語(yǔ)中句子的自然語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后，更復(fù)雜一些的則在謂語(yǔ)后加其他成分。那顧名思義，倒裝即把句子結(jié)構(gòu)顛倒，即謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前。
二. 倒裝有哪些類(lèi)型?
倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝：全部謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前,
部分倒裝：只把部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即特殊動(dòng)詞(be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞)放在主語(yǔ)之前。
三.考試中常見(jiàn)的全部倒裝有哪些情況?
1.表示方位的副詞out, down, up, in, off, over, round, up, away等置于句首時(shí)。
例：Out rushed the children when the bell rang. 鈴響了，孩子們沖了出去。
Round and round flew the birds. 鳥(niǎo)兒們?cè)诒P(pán)旋著。
P.S.：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不倒裝.
Away he went.他走了。
Down the apple dropped. 蘋(píng)果掉下來(lái)了。
2.表示方位的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。
例：Into the shop came a lady with an umbrella in hand.. 大廳里走進(jìn)來(lái)一位婦拿著傘的婦人。
By the window sat a handsome young man with a rose in his right hand and a magazine in left. 窗邊坐著一位年輕人，左手拿一本雜志，右手拿一朵玫瑰花。
In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 學(xué)校的東邊有一個(gè)大的書(shū)店。
3. 副詞here, there, now, then等置于句首時(shí)，并且經(jīng)常與go, come, begin, end, follow等動(dòng)詞連用。
例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。
There goes the last plane. 最后一班飛機(jī)起飛了。
Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。
Then came the professor. 然后教授來(lái)了。
P.S. 如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不用倒裝。
Here they are. 他們?cè)谶@兒。
4.There be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等需要全部倒
例：There once lived a man known by the name of Dick in the house. 這所房子里曾住過(guò)一個(gè)叫迪克的人。
There seems to be many audience. 似乎有很多觀眾。
四. 考試中常見(jiàn)的部分倒裝有哪些情況?
1. "only+狀語(yǔ)"置于句首.
例：Only in this way can you learn French well.只有用這種辦法，你才能學(xué)好法語(yǔ).
Only then did she understand her mother’s words. 到那時(shí)她才理解她媽媽的話。
Only when he got home did he realized that he had left the key in the office. 當(dāng)他到家，才知道把鑰匙落在了辦公室。
2否定副詞never,hardly,seldom,little,not等或含有否定意義的短語(yǔ)置于句首.
例：Hardly could he believe his own eyes.他幾乎不相信自己的眼睛.
No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我們剛到機(jī)場(chǎng)，飛機(jī)就起飛了。
Never shall I forget those days I spent with him. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘了和他在一起的日子。
Under no circumstances will I believe her words. 無(wú)論如何我也不會(huì)再相信她的話了。
3. not only... but also...連接兩個(gè)并列句,且not only置于句首時(shí),前句需要部分倒裝。
例：Not only did I dislike the way he spoke, but I disliked the way he dressed. 我不但不喜歡他說(shuō)話的方式,而且也不喜歡他著裝的方式。
Not only is she a teacher, but she is also a dancer. 她不僅是一名老師，還是一個(gè)舞者。
4.副詞so放在句首，構(gòu)成 “So+特殊動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示同上邊的肯定情況相同。Neither/ Nor放在句首構(gòu)成“Neither/ Nor +特殊動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示同上邊的否定情況相同。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)與前句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)相一致,數(shù)由后一句主語(yǔ)而定.
A:I have finished the task.(我已經(jīng)完成任務(wù)了)
B: So has he. (他也完成了)。
A:I haven’t seen that drama. 我沒(méi)看過(guò)那部戲劇。
B:Neither (Nor) have I. 我也沒(méi)有。
P.S.“So+主語(yǔ)+特殊動(dòng)詞”表示贊同對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn).
Jack studies very hard.杰克學(xué)習(xí)很努力.
So he does.他的確這樣.
小試牛刀
1. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.
A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
2.-- Your father is very strict with you.
____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.
A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he
3. Never in my life ____ such a thing.
A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen
C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see
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